Alexander Abakumov
15e744da49
- Added comprehensive course structure with 11 modules - Included theoretical content, practical examples, and tasks - Multi-language code examples (Java, Rust, Node.js, Python) - Detailed analysis of architectural approaches and trade-offs - Complete caching strategies documentation - Architecture examples from real-world systems (Twitter, Netflix, Uber) - Structured navigation and learning path - Ready for educational use
244 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
244 lines
8.8 KiB
Markdown
# Архитектурное проектирование
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## Навигация
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- [🏠 Главная страница курса](../../../README.md)
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- [📚 Модуль 11](../README.md)
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---
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## Анализ домена
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### 1. Domain Identification
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```markdown
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# Domain Analysis для E-commerce Platform
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## Core Domains
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- **User Management**: управление пользователями, аутентификация, авторизация
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- **Product Catalog**: каталог товаров, категории, поиск
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- **Order Management**: обработка заказов, управление состоянием
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- **Payment Processing**: обработка платежей, интеграция с платежными системами
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- **Inventory Management**: управление запасами, резервирование товаров
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## Supporting Domains
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- **Notification Service**: отправка уведомлений
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- **Analytics Service**: сбор и анализ данных
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- **Recommendation Service**: рекомендации товаров
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- **Review Service**: система отзывов
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## Generic Domains
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- **Logging Service**: централизованное логирование
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- **Monitoring Service**: мониторинг системы
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- **Configuration Service**: управление конфигурацией
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```
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### 2. Bounded Context Mapping
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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!include https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plantuml-stdlib/C4-PlantUML/master/C4_Context.puml
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title E-commerce Platform - Context Map
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Person(customer, "Customer", "A customer who shops online")
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Person(admin, "Admin", "Platform administrator")
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System_Boundary(core, "Core Business") {
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System(userMgmt, "User Management", "Manages user accounts and authentication")
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System(productCatalog, "Product Catalog", "Manages product information and search")
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System(orderMgmt, "Order Management", "Processes and manages orders")
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System(payment, "Payment Processing", "Handles payment transactions")
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System(inventory, "Inventory Management", "Manages product stock")
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}
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System_Boundary(supporting, "Supporting Services") {
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System(notification, "Notification Service", "Sends notifications to users")
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System(analytics, "Analytics Service", "Collects and analyzes data")
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System(recommendation, "Recommendation Service", "Provides product recommendations")
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}
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System_Boundary(generic, "Generic Services") {
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System(logging, "Logging Service", "Centralized logging")
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System(monitoring, "Monitoring Service", "System monitoring")
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}
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Rel(customer, userMgmt, "Uses", "HTTPS")
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Rel(customer, productCatalog, "Browses", "HTTPS")
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Rel(customer, orderMgmt, "Places orders", "HTTPS")
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Rel(customer, payment, "Makes payments", "HTTPS")
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Rel(admin, userMgmt, "Manages", "HTTPS")
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Rel(admin, productCatalog, "Manages", "HTTPS")
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Rel(admin, orderMgmt, "Monitors", "HTTPS")
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Rel(orderMgmt, inventory, "Reserves items", "HTTP")
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Rel(orderMgmt, payment, "Processes payment", "HTTP")
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Rel(orderMgmt, notification, "Sends notifications", "Events")
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Rel(productCatalog, recommendation, "Gets recommendations", "HTTP")
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Rel(customer, analytics, "Generates events", "Events")
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@enduml
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```
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## Проектирование архитектуры
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### 1. High-Level Architecture
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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!include https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plantuml-stdlib/C4-PlantUML/master/C4_Container.puml
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title E-commerce Platform - Container Diagram
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Person(customer, "Customer", "A customer who shops online")
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Person(admin, "Admin", "Platform administrator")
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System_Boundary(platform, "E-commerce Platform") {
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Container(webApp, "Web Application", "React", "Single-page application for customers")
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Container(adminApp, "Admin Application", "React", "Administrative interface")
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Container(apiGateway, "API Gateway", "Kong", "Routes requests to microservices")
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Container(userService, "User Service", "Java Spring Boot", "Manages user accounts and authentication")
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Container(productService, "Product Service", "Java Spring Boot", "Manages product catalog")
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Container(orderService, "Order Service", "Java Spring Boot", "Processes orders")
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Container(paymentService, "Payment Service", "Java Spring Boot", "Handles payments")
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Container(inventoryService, "Inventory Service", "Java Spring Boot", "Manages stock")
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ContainerDb(userDb, "User Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores user data")
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ContainerDb(productDb, "Product Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores product data")
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ContainerDb(orderDb, "Order Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores order data")
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ContainerDb(paymentDb, "Payment Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores payment data")
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ContainerDb(inventoryDb, "Inventory Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores inventory data")
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Container(redis, "Redis Cache", "Redis", "Caches frequently accessed data")
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Container(messageQueue, "Message Queue", "Apache Kafka", "Handles asynchronous communication")
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}
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System_Ext(paymentGateway, "Payment Gateway", "External payment processing service")
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System_Ext(emailService, "Email Service", "External email service")
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System_Ext(analyticsService, "Analytics Service", "External analytics service")
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Rel(customer, webApp, "Uses", "HTTPS")
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Rel(admin, adminApp, "Uses", "HTTPS")
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Rel(webApp, apiGateway, "Makes API calls", "HTTPS")
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Rel(adminApp, apiGateway, "Makes API calls", "HTTPS")
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Rel(apiGateway, userService, "Routes requests", "HTTP")
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Rel(apiGateway, productService, "Routes requests", "HTTP")
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Rel(apiGateway, orderService, "Routes requests", "HTTP")
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Rel(apiGateway, paymentService, "Routes requests", "HTTP")
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Rel(apiGateway, inventoryService, "Routes requests", "HTTP")
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Rel(userService, userDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")
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Rel(productService, productDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")
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Rel(orderService, orderDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")
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Rel(paymentService, paymentDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")
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Rel(inventoryService, inventoryDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")
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Rel(userService, redis, "Caches data", "Redis Protocol")
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Rel(productService, redis, "Caches data", "Redis Protocol")
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Rel(orderService, redis, "Caches data", "Redis Protocol")
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Rel(orderService, messageQueue, "Publishes events", "Kafka")
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Rel(paymentService, messageQueue, "Consumes events", "Kafka")
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Rel(inventoryService, messageQueue, "Consumes events", "Kafka")
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Rel(paymentService, paymentGateway, "Processes payments", "HTTPS")
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Rel(userService, emailService, "Sends emails", "SMTP")
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Rel(webApp, analyticsService, "Tracks events", "HTTPS")
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@enduml
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```
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### 2. Detailed Component Design
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```plantuml
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@startuml
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!include https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plantuml-stdlib/C4-PlantUML/master/C4_Component.puml
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title Order Service - Component Diagram
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Container_Boundary(orderService, "Order Service") {
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Component(controllers, "Controllers", "Spring MVC", "Handles HTTP requests")
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Component(services, "Services", "Spring", "Contains business logic")
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Component(repositories, "Repositories", "Spring Data", "Handles data access")
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Component(events, "Event Handlers", "Spring", "Handles domain events")
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Component(validators, "Validators", "Spring", "Validates input data")
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}
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ContainerDb(orderDb, "Order Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores order data")
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Container(redis, "Redis Cache", "Redis", "Caches order data")
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Container(messageQueue, "Message Queue", "Apache Kafka", "Publishes and consumes events")
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Rel(controllers, services, "Uses")
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Rel(services, repositories, "Uses")
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Rel(services, events, "Publishes")
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Rel(services, validators, "Uses")
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Rel(repositories, orderDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")
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Rel(services, redis, "Caches data", "Redis Protocol")
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Rel(events, messageQueue, "Publishes events", "Kafka")
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@enduml
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```
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## Выбор технологического стека
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### 1. Backend Technologies
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```yaml
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# Technology Stack
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backend:
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language: "Java 17"
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framework: "Spring Boot 3.x"
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build_tool: "Maven"
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testing: "JUnit 5, Mockito, TestContainers"
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databases:
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primary: "PostgreSQL 15"
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cache: "Redis 7"
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search: "Elasticsearch 8"
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messaging:
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broker: "Apache Kafka"
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protocol: "Avro"
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security:
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authentication: "JWT"
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authorization: "Spring Security"
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encryption: "AES-256"
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```
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### 2. Frontend Technologies
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```yaml
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# Frontend Stack
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frontend:
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framework: "React 18"
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language: "TypeScript"
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state_management: "Redux Toolkit"
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styling: "Material-UI"
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build_tool: "Vite"
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testing: "Jest, React Testing Library"
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```
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### 3. Infrastructure Technologies
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```yaml
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# Infrastructure Stack
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infrastructure:
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containerization: "Docker"
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orchestration: "Kubernetes"
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service_mesh: "Istio"
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api_gateway: "Kong"
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monitoring:
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metrics: "Prometheus"
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visualization: "Grafana"
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logging: "ELK Stack"
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tracing: "Jaeger"
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cloud:
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provider: "AWS"
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services:
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- "EKS (Kubernetes)"
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- "RDS (PostgreSQL)"
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- "ElastiCache (Redis)"
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- "S3 (File Storage)"
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- "CloudWatch (Monitoring)"
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```
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