sa-lessons/modules/module11/sections/02-architecture-design.md

Архитектурное проектирование

Навигация

• 🏠 Главная страница курса
• 📚 Модуль 11

---

Анализ домена

1. Domain Identification

# Domain Analysis для E-commerce Platform

## Core Domains
- **User Management**: управление пользователями, аутентификация, авторизация
- **Product Catalog**: каталог товаров, категории, поиск
- **Order Management**: обработка заказов, управление состоянием
- **Payment Processing**: обработка платежей, интеграция с платежными системами
- **Inventory Management**: управление запасами, резервирование товаров

## Supporting Domains
- **Notification Service**: отправка уведомлений
- **Analytics Service**: сбор и анализ данных
- **Recommendation Service**: рекомендации товаров
- **Review Service**: система отзывов

## Generic Domains
- **Logging Service**: централизованное логирование
- **Monitoring Service**: мониторинг системы
- **Configuration Service**: управление конфигурацией

2. Bounded Context Mapping

@startuml
!include https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plantuml-stdlib/C4-PlantUML/master/C4_Context.puml

title E-commerce Platform - Context Map

Person(customer, "Customer", "A customer who shops online")
Person(admin, "Admin", "Platform administrator")

System_Boundary(core, "Core Business") {
    System(userMgmt, "User Management", "Manages user accounts and authentication")
    System(productCatalog, "Product Catalog", "Manages product information and search")
    System(orderMgmt, "Order Management", "Processes and manages orders")
    System(payment, "Payment Processing", "Handles payment transactions")
    System(inventory, "Inventory Management", "Manages product stock")
}

System_Boundary(supporting, "Supporting Services") {
    System(notification, "Notification Service", "Sends notifications to users")
    System(analytics, "Analytics Service", "Collects and analyzes data")
    System(recommendation, "Recommendation Service", "Provides product recommendations")
}

System_Boundary(generic, "Generic Services") {
    System(logging, "Logging Service", "Centralized logging")
    System(monitoring, "Monitoring Service", "System monitoring")
}

Rel(customer, userMgmt, "Uses", "HTTPS")
Rel(customer, productCatalog, "Browses", "HTTPS")
Rel(customer, orderMgmt, "Places orders", "HTTPS")
Rel(customer, payment, "Makes payments", "HTTPS")

Rel(admin, userMgmt, "Manages", "HTTPS")
Rel(admin, productCatalog, "Manages", "HTTPS")
Rel(admin, orderMgmt, "Monitors", "HTTPS")

Rel(orderMgmt, inventory, "Reserves items", "HTTP")
Rel(orderMgmt, payment, "Processes payment", "HTTP")
Rel(orderMgmt, notification, "Sends notifications", "Events")

Rel(productCatalog, recommendation, "Gets recommendations", "HTTP")
Rel(customer, analytics, "Generates events", "Events")

@enduml

Проектирование архитектуры

1. High-Level Architecture

@startuml
!include https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plantuml-stdlib/C4-PlantUML/master/C4_Container.puml

title E-commerce Platform - Container Diagram

Person(customer, "Customer", "A customer who shops online")
Person(admin, "Admin", "Platform administrator")

System_Boundary(platform, "E-commerce Platform") {
    Container(webApp, "Web Application", "React", "Single-page application for customers")
    Container(adminApp, "Admin Application", "React", "Administrative interface")
    Container(apiGateway, "API Gateway", "Kong", "Routes requests to microservices")
    
    Container(userService, "User Service", "Java Spring Boot", "Manages user accounts and authentication")
    Container(productService, "Product Service", "Java Spring Boot", "Manages product catalog")
    Container(orderService, "Order Service", "Java Spring Boot", "Processes orders")
    Container(paymentService, "Payment Service", "Java Spring Boot", "Handles payments")
    Container(inventoryService, "Inventory Service", "Java Spring Boot", "Manages stock")
    
    ContainerDb(userDb, "User Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores user data")
    ContainerDb(productDb, "Product Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores product data")
    ContainerDb(orderDb, "Order Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores order data")
    ContainerDb(paymentDb, "Payment Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores payment data")
    ContainerDb(inventoryDb, "Inventory Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores inventory data")
    
    Container(redis, "Redis Cache", "Redis", "Caches frequently accessed data")
    Container(messageQueue, "Message Queue", "Apache Kafka", "Handles asynchronous communication")
}

System_Ext(paymentGateway, "Payment Gateway", "External payment processing service")
System_Ext(emailService, "Email Service", "External email service")
System_Ext(analyticsService, "Analytics Service", "External analytics service")

Rel(customer, webApp, "Uses", "HTTPS")
Rel(admin, adminApp, "Uses", "HTTPS")

Rel(webApp, apiGateway, "Makes API calls", "HTTPS")
Rel(adminApp, apiGateway, "Makes API calls", "HTTPS")

Rel(apiGateway, userService, "Routes requests", "HTTP")
Rel(apiGateway, productService, "Routes requests", "HTTP")
Rel(apiGateway, orderService, "Routes requests", "HTTP")
Rel(apiGateway, paymentService, "Routes requests", "HTTP")
Rel(apiGateway, inventoryService, "Routes requests", "HTTP")

Rel(userService, userDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")
Rel(productService, productDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")
Rel(orderService, orderDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")
Rel(paymentService, paymentDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")
Rel(inventoryService, inventoryDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")

Rel(userService, redis, "Caches data", "Redis Protocol")
Rel(productService, redis, "Caches data", "Redis Protocol")
Rel(orderService, redis, "Caches data", "Redis Protocol")

Rel(orderService, messageQueue, "Publishes events", "Kafka")
Rel(paymentService, messageQueue, "Consumes events", "Kafka")
Rel(inventoryService, messageQueue, "Consumes events", "Kafka")

Rel(paymentService, paymentGateway, "Processes payments", "HTTPS")
Rel(userService, emailService, "Sends emails", "SMTP")
Rel(webApp, analyticsService, "Tracks events", "HTTPS")

@enduml

2. Detailed Component Design

@startuml
!include https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plantuml-stdlib/C4-PlantUML/master/C4_Component.puml

title Order Service - Component Diagram

Container_Boundary(orderService, "Order Service") {
    Component(controllers, "Controllers", "Spring MVC", "Handles HTTP requests")
    Component(services, "Services", "Spring", "Contains business logic")
    Component(repositories, "Repositories", "Spring Data", "Handles data access")
    Component(events, "Event Handlers", "Spring", "Handles domain events")
    Component(validators, "Validators", "Spring", "Validates input data")
}

ContainerDb(orderDb, "Order Database", "PostgreSQL", "Stores order data")
Container(redis, "Redis Cache", "Redis", "Caches order data")
Container(messageQueue, "Message Queue", "Apache Kafka", "Publishes and consumes events")

Rel(controllers, services, "Uses")
Rel(services, repositories, "Uses")
Rel(services, events, "Publishes")
Rel(services, validators, "Uses")
Rel(repositories, orderDb, "Reads from and writes to", "JDBC")
Rel(services, redis, "Caches data", "Redis Protocol")
Rel(events, messageQueue, "Publishes events", "Kafka")

@enduml

Выбор технологического стека

1. Backend Technologies

# Technology Stack
backend:
  language: "Java 17"
  framework: "Spring Boot 3.x"
  build_tool: "Maven"
  testing: "JUnit 5, Mockito, TestContainers"
  
  databases:
    primary: "PostgreSQL 15"
    cache: "Redis 7"
    search: "Elasticsearch 8"
  
  messaging:
    broker: "Apache Kafka"
    protocol: "Avro"
  
  security:
    authentication: "JWT"
    authorization: "Spring Security"
    encryption: "AES-256"

2. Frontend Technologies

# Frontend Stack
frontend:
  framework: "React 18"
  language: "TypeScript"
  state_management: "Redux Toolkit"
  styling: "Material-UI"
  build_tool: "Vite"
  testing: "Jest, React Testing Library"

3. Infrastructure Technologies

# Infrastructure Stack
infrastructure:
  containerization: "Docker"
  orchestration: "Kubernetes"
  service_mesh: "Istio"
  api_gateway: "Kong"
  
  monitoring:
    metrics: "Prometheus"
    visualization: "Grafana"
    logging: "ELK Stack"
    tracing: "Jaeger"
  
  cloud:
    provider: "AWS"
    services:
      - "EKS (Kubernetes)"
      - "RDS (PostgreSQL)"
      - "ElastiCache (Redis)"
      - "S3 (File Storage)"
      - "CloudWatch (Monitoring)"