Initial commit: Complete Software Architecture course with 11 modules
- Added comprehensive course structure with 11 modules - Included theoretical content, practical examples, and tasks - Multi-language code examples (Java, Rust, Node.js, Python) - Detailed analysis of architectural approaches and trade-offs - Complete caching strategies documentation - Architecture examples from real-world systems (Twitter, Netflix, Uber) - Structured navigation and learning path - Ready for educational use
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@@ -0,0 +1,672 @@
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# Стратегии миграции
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## Навигация
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- [🏠 Главная страница курса](../../../README.md)
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- [📚 Модуль 8](../README.md)
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---
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## Типы миграции
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### 1. Lift and Shift (Rehosting)
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- Перенос приложений без изменений
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- Быстрая миграция
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- Минимальные риски
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#### Преимущества:
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- Быстрое время миграции
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- Низкий риск
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- Сохранение существующей функциональности
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#### Недостатки:
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- Не использует преимущества облака
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- Высокие операционные затраты
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- Ограниченная масштабируемость
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```yaml
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# Пример Lift and Shift миграции
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# AWS EC2 Instance для переноса существующего приложения
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Resources:
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MigratedAppInstance:
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Type: AWS::EC2::Instance
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Properties:
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ImageId: ami-0c02fb55956c7d316 # Amazon Linux 2
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InstanceType: t3.large
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KeyName: my-key-pair
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SecurityGroupIds:
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- !Ref WebServerSecurityGroup
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UserData:
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Fn::Base64: !Sub |
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#!/bin/bash
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yum update -y
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# Установка существующего приложения
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yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk
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yum install -y tomcat8
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# Копирование приложения
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aws s3 cp s3://my-migration-bucket/app.war /var/lib/tomcat8/webapps/
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# Настройка базы данных
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aws s3 cp s3://my-migration-bucket/db-config.properties /opt/app/config/
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# Запуск приложения
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systemctl start tomcat8
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systemctl enable tomcat8
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Tags:
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- Key: Name
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Value: MigratedApp
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- Key: MigrationType
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Value: LiftAndShift
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```
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### 2. Replatforming (Rehosting with Optimization)
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- Небольшие изменения для облака
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- Улучшение производительности
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- Баланс скорости и оптимизации
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#### Преимущества:
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- Улучшенная производительность
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- Снижение операционных затрат
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- Лучшая интеграция с облачными сервисами
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#### Недостатки:
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- Требует изменений в приложении
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- Средний уровень риска
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- Ограниченные возможности масштабирования
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```yaml
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# Пример Replatforming миграции
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# AWS Elastic Beanstalk для оптимизированного развертывания
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Resources:
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ReplatformedApp:
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Type: AWS::ElasticBeanstalk::Application
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Properties:
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ApplicationName: my-replatformed-app
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Description: Replatformed application with cloud optimizations
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ReplatformedEnvironment:
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Type: AWS::ElasticBeanstalk::Environment
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Properties:
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ApplicationName: !Ref ReplatformedApp
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EnvironmentName: !Sub "${AWS::StackName}-env"
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SolutionStackName: "64bit Amazon Linux 2 v3.4.0 running Docker"
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OptionSettings:
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- Namespace: aws:autoscaling:launchconfiguration
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OptionName: InstanceType
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Value: t3.medium
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- Namespace: aws:autoscaling:asg
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OptionName: MinSize
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Value: "2"
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- Namespace: aws:autoscaling:asg
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OptionName: MaxSize
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Value: "10"
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- Namespace: aws:elasticbeanstalk:environment
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OptionName: LoadBalancerType
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Value: application
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- Namespace: aws:elasticbeanstalk:environment:process:default
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OptionName: HealthCheckPath
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Value: /health
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- Namespace: aws:elasticbeanstalk:environment:process:default
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OptionName: Port
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Value: "8080"
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- Namespace: aws:elasticbeanstalk:environment:process:default
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OptionName: Protocol
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Value: HTTP
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```
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### 3. Refactoring (Re-architecting)
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- Переписывание для облака
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- Максимальная оптимизация
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- Долгосрочные преимущества
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#### Преимущества:
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- Максимальная производительность
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- Полное использование облачных возможностей
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- Высокая масштабируемость
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#### Недостатки:
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- Высокие затраты на разработку
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- Длительное время миграции
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- Высокий уровень риска
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```yaml
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# Пример Refactoring миграции
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# Микросервисная архитектура на Kubernetes
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apiVersion: apps/v1
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kind: Deployment
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metadata:
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name: user-service
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labels:
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app: user-service
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version: v1
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spec:
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replicas: 3
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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app: user-service
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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app: user-service
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version: v1
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: user-service
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image: user-service:v1.0.0
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ports:
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- containerPort: 8080
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env:
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- name: DATABASE_URL
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valueFrom:
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secretKeyRef:
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name: user-service-secrets
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key: database-url
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- name: REDIS_URL
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valueFrom:
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configMapKeyRef:
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name: user-service-config
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key: redis-url
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- name: KAFKA_BROKERS
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valueFrom:
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configMapKeyRef:
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name: user-service-config
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key: kafka-brokers
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resources:
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requests:
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memory: "256Mi"
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cpu: "250m"
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limits:
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memory: "512Mi"
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cpu: "500m"
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livenessProbe:
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httpGet:
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path: /health
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port: 8080
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initialDelaySeconds: 30
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periodSeconds: 10
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readinessProbe:
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httpGet:
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path: /ready
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port: 8080
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initialDelaySeconds: 5
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periodSeconds: 5
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---
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Service
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metadata:
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name: user-service
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labels:
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app: user-service
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spec:
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selector:
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app: user-service
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ports:
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- protocol: TCP
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port: 80
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targetPort: 8080
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type: ClusterIP
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```
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### 4. Rebuilding (Replace)
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- Полная перестройка
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- Cloud-native архитектура
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- Максимальная эффективность
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#### Преимущества:
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- Современная архитектура
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- Максимальная производительность
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- Полная интеграция с облаком
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#### Недостатки:
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- Очень высокие затраты
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- Длительное время разработки
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- Высокий уровень риска
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## Процесс миграции
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### 1. Планирование миграции
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#### Анализ приложений
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- Инвентаризация существующих приложений
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- Оценка сложности миграции
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- Приоритизация приложений
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```markdown
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# Application Migration Assessment Template
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## Application: User Management System
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**Current State:**
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- Technology: Java Spring Boot
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- Database: MySQL 5.7
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- Deployment: On-premises VM
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- Dependencies: 15 external services
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**Migration Assessment:**
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- Complexity: Medium
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- Risk Level: Low
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- Migration Type: Replatforming
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- Estimated Effort: 4 weeks
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- Dependencies: 3 other applications
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**Cloud Readiness:**
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- Stateless: Yes
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- Database: Compatible
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- External Dependencies: 2 need migration
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- Security: Compliant
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**Migration Plan:**
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1. Week 1: Environment setup
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2. Week 2: Database migration
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3. Week 3: Application deployment
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4. Week 4: Testing and cutover
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**Success Criteria:**
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- 99.9% uptime
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- < 200ms response time
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- Zero data loss
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- All functionality preserved
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```
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#### Оценка инфраструктуры
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- Анализ текущей инфраструктуры
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- Определение требований к облаку
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- Планирование сетевой архитектуры
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```yaml
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# Infrastructure Assessment Template
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InfrastructureAssessment:
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CurrentState:
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Servers: 25
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Databases: 8
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NetworkDevices: 12
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Storage: 50TB
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Bandwidth: 1Gbps
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CloudRequirements:
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ComputeInstances: 30
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DatabaseInstances: 10
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Storage: 100TB
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Bandwidth: 10Gbps
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SecurityGroups: 15
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LoadBalancers: 5
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MigrationStrategy:
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Phase1: Core applications (8 weeks)
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Phase2: Supporting services (6 weeks)
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Phase3: Legacy systems (4 weeks)
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Phase4: Optimization (2 weeks)
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```
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### 2. Подготовка к миграции
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#### Создание облачной инфраструктуры
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- Настройка VPC и подсетей
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- Конфигурация безопасности
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- Подготовка баз данных
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```yaml
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# Cloud Infrastructure Setup
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Resources:
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# VPC Configuration
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VPC:
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Type: AWS::EC2::VPC
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Properties:
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CidrBlock: 10.0.0.0/16
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EnableDnsHostnames: true
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EnableDnsSupport: true
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Tags:
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- Key: Name
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Value: MigrationVPC
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- Key: Environment
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Value: Production
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# Public Subnets
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PublicSubnet1:
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Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
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Properties:
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VpcId: !Ref VPC
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CidrBlock: 10.0.1.0/24
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AvailabilityZone: !Select [0, !GetAZs '']
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MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true
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Tags:
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- Key: Name
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Value: PublicSubnet1
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- Key: Type
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Value: Public
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PublicSubnet2:
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Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
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Properties:
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VpcId: !Ref VPC
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CidrBlock: 10.0.2.0/24
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AvailabilityZone: !Select [1, !GetAZs '']
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MapPublicIpOnLaunch: true
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Tags:
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- Key: Name
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Value: PublicSubnet2
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- Key: Type
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Value: Public
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# Private Subnets
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PrivateSubnet1:
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Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
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Properties:
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VpcId: !Ref VPC
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CidrBlock: 10.0.10.0/24
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AvailabilityZone: !Select [0, !GetAZs '']
|
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Tags:
|
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- Key: Name
|
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Value: PrivateSubnet1
|
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- Key: Type
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Value: Private
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PrivateSubnet2:
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Type: AWS::EC2::Subnet
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Properties:
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VpcId: !Ref VPC
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CidrBlock: 10.0.20.0/24
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AvailabilityZone: !Select [1, !GetAZs '']
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Tags:
|
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- Key: Name
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Value: PrivateSubnet2
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- Key: Type
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Value: Private
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|
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# Internet Gateway
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InternetGateway:
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Type: AWS::EC2::InternetGateway
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Properties:
|
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Tags:
|
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- Key: Name
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Value: MigrationIGW
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|
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InternetGatewayAttachment:
|
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Type: AWS::EC2::VPCGatewayAttachment
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Properties:
|
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InternetGatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway
|
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VpcId: !Ref VPC
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# NAT Gateway
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NatGateway1:
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Type: AWS::EC2::NatGateway
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Properties:
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AllocationId: !GetAtt NatGateway1EIP.AllocationId
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SubnetId: !Ref PublicSubnet1
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Tags:
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- Key: Name
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Value: NatGateway1
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NatGateway1EIP:
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Type: AWS::EC2::EIP
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Properties:
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Domain: vpc
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Tags:
|
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- Key: Name
|
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Value: NatGateway1EIP
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# Route Tables
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PublicRouteTable:
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Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable
|
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Properties:
|
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VpcId: !Ref VPC
|
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Tags:
|
||||
- Key: Name
|
||||
Value: PublicRouteTable
|
||||
|
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PublicRoute:
|
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Type: AWS::EC2::Route
|
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Properties:
|
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RouteTableId: !Ref PublicRouteTable
|
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DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
|
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GatewayId: !Ref InternetGateway
|
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|
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PrivateRouteTable1:
|
||||
Type: AWS::EC2::RouteTable
|
||||
Properties:
|
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VpcId: !Ref VPC
|
||||
Tags:
|
||||
- Key: Name
|
||||
Value: PrivateRouteTable1
|
||||
|
||||
PrivateRoute1:
|
||||
Type: AWS::EC2::Route
|
||||
Properties:
|
||||
RouteTableId: !Ref PrivateRouteTable1
|
||||
DestinationCidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
|
||||
NatGatewayId: !Ref NatGateway1
|
||||
|
||||
# Security Groups
|
||||
WebSecurityGroup:
|
||||
Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
|
||||
Properties:
|
||||
GroupName: WebSecurityGroup
|
||||
GroupDescription: Security group for web servers
|
||||
VpcId: !Ref VPC
|
||||
SecurityGroupIngress:
|
||||
- IpProtocol: tcp
|
||||
FromPort: 80
|
||||
ToPort: 80
|
||||
CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
|
||||
- IpProtocol: tcp
|
||||
FromPort: 443
|
||||
ToPort: 443
|
||||
CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
|
||||
- IpProtocol: tcp
|
||||
FromPort: 22
|
||||
ToPort: 22
|
||||
CidrIp: 10.0.0.0/16
|
||||
Tags:
|
||||
- Key: Name
|
||||
Value: WebSecurityGroup
|
||||
|
||||
AppSecurityGroup:
|
||||
Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
|
||||
Properties:
|
||||
GroupName: AppSecurityGroup
|
||||
GroupDescription: Security group for application servers
|
||||
VpcId: !Ref VPC
|
||||
SecurityGroupIngress:
|
||||
- IpProtocol: tcp
|
||||
FromPort: 8080
|
||||
ToPort: 8080
|
||||
SourceSecurityGroupId: !Ref WebSecurityGroup
|
||||
- IpProtocol: tcp
|
||||
FromPort: 22
|
||||
ToPort: 22
|
||||
CidrIp: 10.0.0.0/16
|
||||
Tags:
|
||||
- Key: Name
|
||||
Value: AppSecurityGroup
|
||||
|
||||
DatabaseSecurityGroup:
|
||||
Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
|
||||
Properties:
|
||||
GroupName: DatabaseSecurityGroup
|
||||
GroupDescription: Security group for database servers
|
||||
VpcId: !Ref VPC
|
||||
SecurityGroupIngress:
|
||||
- IpProtocol: tcp
|
||||
FromPort: 3306
|
||||
ToPort: 3306
|
||||
SourceSecurityGroupId: !Ref AppSecurityGroup
|
||||
- IpProtocol: tcp
|
||||
FromPort: 5432
|
||||
ToPort: 5432
|
||||
SourceSecurityGroupId: !Ref AppSecurityGroup
|
||||
Tags:
|
||||
- Key: Name
|
||||
Value: DatabaseSecurityGroup
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Настройка мониторинга
|
||||
- CloudWatch/CloudTrail для AWS
|
||||
- Azure Monitor для Azure
|
||||
- Stackdriver для GCP
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
# Monitoring Setup
|
||||
Resources:
|
||||
# CloudWatch Dashboard
|
||||
MigrationDashboard:
|
||||
Type: AWS::CloudWatch::Dashboard
|
||||
Properties:
|
||||
DashboardName: MigrationDashboard
|
||||
DashboardBody: !Sub |
|
||||
{
|
||||
"widgets": [
|
||||
{
|
||||
"type": "metric",
|
||||
"x": 0,
|
||||
"y": 0,
|
||||
"width": 12,
|
||||
"height": 6,
|
||||
"properties": {
|
||||
"metrics": [
|
||||
[ "AWS/EC2", "CPUUtilization", "InstanceId", "i-1234567890abcdef0" ],
|
||||
[ ".", "NetworkIn", ".", "." ],
|
||||
[ ".", "NetworkOut", ".", "." ]
|
||||
],
|
||||
"view": "timeSeries",
|
||||
"stacked": false,
|
||||
"region": "${AWS::Region}",
|
||||
"title": "EC2 Metrics",
|
||||
"period": 300
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"type": "metric",
|
||||
"x": 12,
|
||||
"y": 0,
|
||||
"width": 12,
|
||||
"height": 6,
|
||||
"properties": {
|
||||
"metrics": [
|
||||
[ "AWS/RDS", "CPUUtilization", "DBInstanceIdentifier", "mydb" ],
|
||||
[ ".", "DatabaseConnections", ".", "." ],
|
||||
[ ".", "FreeableMemory", ".", "." ]
|
||||
],
|
||||
"view": "timeSeries",
|
||||
"stacked": false,
|
||||
"region": "${AWS::Region}",
|
||||
"title": "RDS Metrics",
|
||||
"period": 300
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# CloudWatch Alarms
|
||||
HighCPUAlarm:
|
||||
Type: AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm
|
||||
Properties:
|
||||
AlarmName: HighCPUUtilization
|
||||
AlarmDescription: Alarm when CPU exceeds 80%
|
||||
MetricName: CPUUtilization
|
||||
Namespace: AWS/EC2
|
||||
Statistic: Average
|
||||
Period: 300
|
||||
EvaluationPeriods: 2
|
||||
Threshold: 80
|
||||
ComparisonOperator: GreaterThanThreshold
|
||||
AlarmActions:
|
||||
- !Ref ScaleUpPolicy
|
||||
|
||||
LowCPUAlarm:
|
||||
Type: AWS::CloudWatch::Alarm
|
||||
Properties:
|
||||
AlarmName: LowCPUUtilization
|
||||
AlarmDescription: Alarm when CPU is below 20%
|
||||
MetricName: CPUUtilization
|
||||
Namespace: AWS/EC2
|
||||
Statistic: Average
|
||||
Period: 300
|
||||
EvaluationPeriods: 2
|
||||
Threshold: 20
|
||||
ComparisonOperator: LessThanThreshold
|
||||
AlarmActions:
|
||||
- !Ref ScaleDownPolicy
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Выполнение миграции
|
||||
|
||||
#### Фаза 1: Foundation (Month 1-2)
|
||||
- Настройка базовой инфраструктуры
|
||||
- Миграция простых приложений
|
||||
- Тестирование процессов
|
||||
|
||||
#### Фаза 2: Pilot Migration (Month 3-4)
|
||||
- Миграция критических приложений
|
||||
- Тестирование в production
|
||||
- Оптимизация процессов
|
||||
|
||||
#### Фаза 3: Production Migration (Month 5-8)
|
||||
- Массовая миграция приложений
|
||||
- Переключение трафика
|
||||
- Мониторинг и оптимизация
|
||||
|
||||
#### Фаза 4: Optimization (Month 9-12)
|
||||
- Оптимизация производительности
|
||||
- Снижение затрат
|
||||
- Автоматизация процессов
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Тестирование и валидация
|
||||
|
||||
#### Функциональное тестирование
|
||||
- Проверка всех функций приложения
|
||||
- Сравнение с оригинальной версией
|
||||
- Валидация бизнес-логики
|
||||
|
||||
#### Нагрузочное тестирование
|
||||
- Тестирование под нагрузкой
|
||||
- Проверка производительности
|
||||
- Валидация масштабируемости
|
||||
|
||||
#### Безопасность
|
||||
- Проверка безопасности
|
||||
- Валидация доступа
|
||||
- Тестирование шифрования
|
||||
|
||||
## Инструменты миграции
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. AWS Migration Tools
|
||||
- AWS Application Migration Service
|
||||
- AWS Database Migration Service
|
||||
- AWS Server Migration Service
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Azure Migration Tools
|
||||
- Azure Migrate
|
||||
- Azure Database Migration Service
|
||||
- Azure Site Recovery
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. GCP Migration Tools
|
||||
- Migrate for Compute Engine
|
||||
- Database Migration Service
|
||||
- Transfer Service
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Third-party Tools
|
||||
- CloudEndure
|
||||
- Carbonite
|
||||
- Zerto
|
||||
|
||||
## Best Practices
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Планирование
|
||||
- Детальное планирование миграции
|
||||
- Оценка рисков и митигаций
|
||||
- Подготовка rollback планов
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Тестирование
|
||||
- Comprehensive testing
|
||||
- Staging environment
|
||||
- User acceptance testing
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Мониторинг
|
||||
- Continuous monitoring
|
||||
- Performance metrics
|
||||
- Cost optimization
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Документация
|
||||
- Документирование процессов
|
||||
- Knowledge transfer
|
||||
- Training team members
|
||||
Reference in new issue
Block a user