Initial commit: Complete Software Architecture course with 11 modules
- Added comprehensive course structure with 11 modules - Included theoretical content, practical examples, and tasks - Multi-language code examples (Java, Rust, Node.js, Python) - Detailed analysis of architectural approaches and trade-offs - Complete caching strategies documentation - Architecture examples from real-world systems (Twitter, Netflix, Uber) - Structured navigation and learning path - Ready for educational use
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# Логирование
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## Навигация
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- [🏠 Главная страница курса](../../../README.md)
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- [📚 Модуль 5](../README.md)
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---
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## Принципы логирования
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### 1. Structured Logging
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**Определение:** Логирование в структурированном формате (JSON).
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**Технический пример - Advanced Structured Logging:**
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```java
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@Slf4j
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@RestController
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public class OrderController {
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@Autowired
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private OrderService orderService;
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@Autowired
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private MetricsService metricsService;
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@PostMapping("/orders")
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public ResponseEntity<Order> createOrder(@RequestBody CreateOrderRequest request) {
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String correlationId = MDC.get("correlationId");
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String userId = MDC.get("userId");
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// Structured logging with business context
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log.info("Order creation started",
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StructuredLogging.builder()
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.correlationId(correlationId)
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.userId(userId)
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.customerId(request.getCustomerId())
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.orderValue(request.getTotalValue())
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.itemsCount(request.getItems().size())
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.currency(request.getCurrency())
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.paymentMethod(request.getPaymentMethod())
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.build()
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);
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Timer.Sample sample = Timer.start();
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try {
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Order order = orderService.createOrder(request);
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// Success logging with performance metrics
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Duration duration = Duration.ofNanos(sample.stop());
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log.info("Order created successfully",
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StructuredLogging.builder()
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.correlationId(correlationId)
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.userId(userId)
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.orderId(order.getId())
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.customerId(request.getCustomerId())
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.status(order.getStatus())
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.processingTimeMs(duration.toMillis())
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.build()
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);
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// Record business metrics
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metricsService.recordBusinessEvent("order_created", userId);
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metricsService.recordOrderValue(request.getTotalValue(), request.getCurrency());
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return ResponseEntity.ok(order);
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} catch (ValidationException e) {
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log.warn("Order validation failed",
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StructuredLogging.builder()
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.correlationId(correlationId)
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.userId(userId)
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.customerId(request.getCustomerId())
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.errorType("validation_error")
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.errorMessage(e.getMessage())
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.validationErrors(e.getValidationErrors())
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.build()
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);
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return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(new ErrorResponse(e.getMessage()));
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} catch (PaymentException e) {
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log.error("Payment processing failed",
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StructuredLogging.builder()
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.correlationId(correlationId)
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.userId(userId)
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.customerId(request.getCustomerId())
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.errorType("payment_error")
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.errorMessage(e.getMessage())
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.paymentMethod(request.getPaymentMethod())
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.orderValue(request.getTotalValue())
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.build()
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);
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return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.PAYMENT_REQUIRED)
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.body(new ErrorResponse("Payment processing failed"));
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} catch (Exception e) {
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log.error("Unexpected error during order creation",
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StructuredLogging.builder()
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.correlationId(correlationId)
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.userId(userId)
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.customerId(request.getCustomerId())
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.errorType("system_error")
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.errorMessage(e.getMessage())
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.stackTrace(getStackTrace(e))
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.build()
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);
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return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
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.body(new ErrorResponse("Internal server error"));
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. Log Levels
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- **ERROR** — критические ошибки
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- **WARN** — предупреждения
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- **INFO** — информационные сообщения
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- **DEBUG** — отладочная информация
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- **TRACE** — детальная трассировка
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### 3. Correlation ID
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```java
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@Component
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public class CorrelationIdFilter implements Filter {
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@Override
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
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FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
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HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
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String correlationId = httpRequest.getHeader("X-Correlation-ID");
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if (correlationId == null) {
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correlationId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
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}
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MDC.put("correlationId", correlationId);
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try {
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chain.doFilter(request, response);
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} finally {
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MDC.clear();
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)
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### Конфигурация Logstash
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```ruby
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# logstash.conf
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input {
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beats {
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port => 5044
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}
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}
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filter {
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if [fields][service] == "order-service" {
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grok {
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match => { "message" => "%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{LOGLEVEL:level} %{GREEDYDATA:message}" }
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}
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date {
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match => [ "timestamp", "ISO8601" ]
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}
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}
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}
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output {
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elasticsearch {
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hosts => ["elasticsearch:9200"]
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index => "logs-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
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}
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}
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```
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### Шаблон индекса Elasticsearch
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```json
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{
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"index_patterns": ["logs-*"],
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"template": {
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"settings": {
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"number_of_shards": 1,
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"number_of_replicas": 1
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},
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"mappings": {
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"properties": {
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"@timestamp": {
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"type": "date"
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},
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"level": {
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"type": "keyword"
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},
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"message": {
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"type": "text"
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},
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"correlationId": {
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"type": "keyword"
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},
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"service": {
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"type": "keyword"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## Fluentd
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```ruby
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# fluent.conf
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<source>
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@type tail
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path /var/log/application.log
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pos_file /var/log/fluentd.log.pos
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tag application.logs
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format json
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</source>
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<filter application.logs>
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@type record_transformer
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<record>
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service "order-service"
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environment "production"
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</record>
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</filter>
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<match application.logs>
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@type elasticsearch
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host elasticsearch
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port 9200
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index_name logs
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type_name _doc
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</match>
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```
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